2011 Is Ending

Goodbye 2011.

50 Economic Numbers From 2011 That Are Almost Too Crazy To Believe
Michael Snyder, The Economic Collapse

The Space Shuttle program ended.
There's nothing to replace it.

Google Nails 2011: Portrait of a Banner Year
Larry Page, CEO of the Year

The 9 Oddest Job Interview Questions Asked at Tech Companies in 2011

Notable tech products of 2011, from iPhone 4S to Spotify

Tablets: an Android 2011 Retrospective

Who Won 2011?

Twitter. A few years ago, the platform was new. Then it became fun. Then it became addictive.

In 2011, it simply became important.

Yes, the platform is a one-stop shop for pretty much anything you want (or don't want), but there's no glossing over the fact that some of the year's biggest events would be drastically different if Twitter did not exist. Between the Osama bin Laden raid (accidentally live-tweeted by Sohaib Athar), the Japan Tsunami (with Twitter serving as a primary form of communication between survivors and the world), and the Tunisian Revolution (citizens Tweeting anything from the location of snipers to places to get medical attention), the platform truly became the medium for communication in 2011.

From a year ago:

11 Things Americans Will Be Doing in Space in 2011

Crohn's and Colitis Awareness Week

S.Res. 199: A resolution supporting the goals and ideals of "Crohn's and Colitis Awareness Week"

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

May 25, 2011

Mr. REID (for himself, Mr. REED, and Mr. COCHRAN) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions

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RESOLUTION

Supporting the goals and ideals of ‘Crohn’s and Colitis Awareness Week’.

Whereas Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are serious, chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

Whereas Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease, afflict approximately 1,400,000 people in the United States, 30 percent of whom are diagnosed as children;

Whereas the cause of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are unknown and no medical cure exists;

Whereas Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can affect anyone, at any age, and is being diagnosed with increased frequency in children;

Whereas Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients are at high risk for developing colorectal cancer;

Whereas a lack of awareness among health professionals and the general public may contribute to the misdiagnosis and mismanagement of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis;

Whereas the annual direct cost of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States is estimated to be $6,100,000,000;

Whereas the goals of ‘Crohn’s and Colitis Awareness Week’ are--

(1) to invite and encourage all people in the United States to join the effort to find a cure for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis;

(2) to engage in activities aimed at raising awareness of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis among the general public and health care providers; and

(3) to promote and support biomedical research needed to find better treatments and a cure for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis; and

Whereas the week of December 1, 2011, through December 7, 2011, has been designated ‘Crohn’s and Colitis Awareness Week’: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate--

(1) supports the goals and ideals of ‘Crohn’s and Colitis Awareness Week’;

(2) encourages media organizations to participate in ‘Crohn’s and Colitis Awareness Week’ by helping to educate the general public about Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis;

(3) recognizes all people in the United States living with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and expresses appreciation to the family members and caregivers who support them; and

(4) commends the dedication of health care professionals and biomedical researchers who care for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients and work to advance basic, genetic, and clinical research aimed at developing new treatments and a cure for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Small Business Saturday

S. Res. 320

   Whereas small businesses represent 99.7 percent of all businesses having employees (commonly referred to as ``employer firms'') in the United States;

   Whereas small businesses employ 1/2 of the employees in the private sector in the United States;

   Whereas small businesses pay 44 percent of the total payroll of the employees in the private sector in the United States;

   Whereas small businesses are responsible for more than 50 percent of the private, nonfarm product of the gross domestic product;

   Whereas small businesses generated 65 percent of net new jobs during the last 17 years;

   Whereas small businesses generate 60 to 80 percent of all new jobs annually;

   Whereas small businesses focus on 2 key strategies: deepening relationships with customers and creating value for customers;

   Whereas, for every $100 spent with locally owned, independent stores, $68 returns to the community through local taxes, payroll, and other expenditures;

   Whereas 92 percent of consumers in the United States agree that the success of small businesses is critical to the overall economic health of the United States;

   Whereas 93 percent of consumers in the United States agree that small businesses contribute positively to the local community by supplying jobs and generating tax revenue;

   Whereas 91 percent of consumers in the United States have small businesses in their community that the consumers would miss if the small businesses closed;

   Whereas 99 percent of consumers in the United States agree that it is important to support the small businesses in their community; and

   Whereas 90 percent of consumers in the United States are willing to pledge support for a ``buy local'' movement: Now, therefore, be it

    Resolved, That the Senate--

    (1) designates November 26, 2011, as ``Small Business Saturday''; and

    (2) supports efforts--

    (A) to encourage consumers to shop locally; and

    (B) to increase awareness of the value of locally owned small businesses and the impact of locally owned small businesses on the economy of the United States. 

7,000 Days Since Black Wednesday

In politics and economics, Black Wednesday refers to the events of 16 September 1992 when the British Conservative government was forced to withdraw the pound sterling from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) after they were unable to keep sterling above its agreed lower limit. George Soros, the most high profile of the currency market investors, made over US$1 billion profit by short selling sterling.

In 1997 the UK Treasury estimated the cost of Black Wednesday at £3.4 billion, with the actual cost being £3.3 billion which was revealed in 2005 under the Freedom of Information Act (FoI).

The trading losses in August and September were estimated at £800m, but the main loss to taxpayers arose because the devaluation could have made them a profit. The papers show that if the government had maintained $24bn foreign currency reserves and the pound had fallen by the same amount, the UK would have made a £2.4bn profit on sterling's devaluation. Newspapers also revealed that the Treasury spent £27bn of reserves in propping up the pound.

George Soros Funded by the House of Rothschild

Defense Intelligence Agency 50th Anniversary

S.Res. 86: A resolution recognizing the Defense Intelligence Agency on its 50th Anniversary.

Whereas, the Defense Intelligence Agency was created in 1961 as the United States lead military intelligence organization, approved by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara on July 5, 1961, and activated on October 1, 1961;

Whereas, with military and civilian employees worldwide, the Defense Intelligence Agency produces military intelligence to warfighters and policymakers in the Department of Defense and the intelligence community, to support United States military planning, operations, and weapon systems acquisition;

Whereas the Defense Intelligence Agency possesses a diverse and expeditionary workforce that conducts all-source analysis, intelligence collection, and information technology infrastructure support around the world;

Whereas the Defense Intelligence Agency plays a critical role within the Department of Defense, the combatant commands, the intelligence community, and the Defense Intelligence Enterprise through the Defense Attache System, Defense Counterintelligence and HUMINT Center, National Defense Intelligence College, National Media Exploitation Center, and National Center for Credibility Assessment;

Whereas the Defense Intelligence Agency leads the defense all-source analytic community including the Directorate for Analysis and four specialized centers known as the Underground Facility Analysis Center, the National Center for Medical Intelligence, the Joint Intelligence Task Force-Combating Terrorism, and the Missile and Space Intelligence Center, as well as synchronizes the analytic efforts of the Army National Ground Intelligence Center, Office of Naval Intelligence, Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Center, Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, and ten United States combatant command intelligence centers;

Whereas the Defense Intelligence Agency has throughout its history provided intelligence support to United States policy makers and military commanders in both war and peacetime during significant national security events including the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Vietnam conflict, the Cold War and its aftermath, operations against state-sponsored terrorist organizations, Operation Desert Storm, and in support of United States military and coalition operations in Somalia, the former Yugoslavia, and Haiti;

Whereas, since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the men and women of the Defense Intelligence Agency have worked diligently to deter, detect, and prevent acts of terror by providing intelligence support to United States and coalition forces in support of the Global War on Terror, Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and Operation Iraqi Freedom; and

Whereas the Defense Intelligence Agency and subordinate organizations within the Agency have been awarded seven Joint Meritorious Unit Awards reflecting the distinctive accomplishments of the personnel assigned to the Defense Intelligence Agency: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate--

(1) congratulates the men and women of the Defense Intelligence Agency on the occasion of the Agency's 50th Anniversary;

(2) honors the heroic sacrifice of the employees of the Defense Intelligence Agency who have given their lives, or have been wounded or injured, in the service of the United States during the past 50 years; and

(3) expresses gratitude to all the men and women of the Defense Intelligence Agency for their past and continued efforts to provide timely and accurate intelligence support to deliver overwhelming advantage to our warfighters, defense planners, and defense and national security policymakers in the defense and security of the United States.

Ceasing All Work or Other Activity for a Moment of Remembrance

S.Res. 237: A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate regarding coming together as a Nation and ceasing all work or other activity for a moment of remembrance beginning at 1:00 PM Eastern Daylight Time on September 11, 2011, in honor of the 10th anniversary of the terrorist attacks committed against the United States on September 11, 2001.

National Spinal Cord Injury Awareness Month

S.Res. 236: A resolution designating September 2011 as National Spinal Cord Injury Awareness Month

The Year of the Family Caregiver

S.Res. 235: A resolution designating 2011 as "The Year of the Family Caregiver"

Collector Car Appreciation Day

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Mr. TESTER (for himself and Mr. Burr) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to:

S. Res. 154

Whereas many people in the United States maintain classic automobiles as a pastime and do so with great passion and as a means of individual expression;

Whereas the Senate recognizes the effect that the more than 100-year history of the automobile has had on the economic progress of the Nation and supports wholeheartedly all activities involved in the restoration and exhibition of classic automobiles;

Whereas collection, restoration, and preservation of automobiles is an activity shared across generations and across all segments of society;

Whereas thousands of local car clubs and related businesses have been instrumental in preserving a historic part of the heritage of this Nation by encouraging the restoration and exhibition of such vintage works of art;

Whereas automotive restoration provides well-paying, high-skilled jobs for people in all 50 States; and

Whereas automobiles have provided the inspiration for music, photography, cinema, fashion, and other artistic pursuits that have become part of the popular culture of the United States: Now therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate--

(1) designates July 8, 2011, as ``Collector Car Appreciation Day'';

(2) recognizes that the collection and restoration of historic and classic cars is an important part of preserving the technological achievements and cultural heritage of the United States; and

(3) encourages the people of the United States to engage in events and commemorations of ``Collector Car Appreciation Day'' that create opportunities for collector car owners to educate young people on the importance of preserving the cultural heritage of the United States, including through the collection and restoration of collector cars.

(Senate - April 14, 2011)

Call 2 Fall

Call 2 Fall is a nationwide effort taking place on Sunday, July 3, 2011 all around the country, where both churches and believers can gather in prayer for our country.

The Call 2 Fall Declaration comes straight from the pages of Scripture:

If my people, who are called by my name, will humble themselves and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways, then will I hear from heaven and will forgive their sin and will heal their land. (2 Chronicles 7:14).

The journey back to God, to His forgiveness and favor, begins on our knees in humility and repentant prayer. Consider the words of the Declaration prayerfully:

I will answer God's call to fall on my knees in humility and seek His face in repentance so that He might forgive my sins and heal our land.

Call 2 Fall on Facebook

National Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Awareness Day

112th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. RES. 202

Designating June 27, 2011, as `National Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Awareness Day'.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

May 26, 2011

Mr. CONRAD (for himself, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. DURBIN, Ms. SNOWE, Mr. FRANKEN, Mr. WARNER, Mr. CASEY, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. CARDIN, Ms. STABENOW, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Mr. ROBERTS, Mr. ISAKSON, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. COONS, Mr. BROWN of Massachusetts, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, and Mr. HOEVEN) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

June 21 (legislative day, June 16), 2011

Committee discharged; considered, amended, and agreed to

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RESOLUTION

Designating June 27, 2011, as `National Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Awareness Day'.

Whereas the brave men and women of the United States Armed Forces, who proudly serve the United States, risk their lives to protect the freedom of the United States and deserve the investment of every reasonable resource to ensure their lasting physical, mental, and emotional well-being;

Whereas 2.4 percent of servicemembers returning from deployment to Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom are clinically diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (referred to in this preamble as `PTSD') and up to 17 percent of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans exposed to sustained ground combat report PTSD symptoms;

Whereas up to 10 percent of Operation Desert Storm veterans, 30 percent of Vietnam veterans, and 8 percent of the general population of the United States suffer or have suffered from PTSD;

Whereas the Department of Veterans Affairs reports that more than 438,000 veterans were treated for PTSD in 2010 alone;

Whereas many cases of PTSD remain unreported, undiagnosed, and untreated due to a lack of awareness about PTSD and the persistent stigma associated with mental health issues;

Whereas PTSD significantly increases the risk of depression, suicide, and drug- and alcohol-related disorders and deaths, especially if left untreated;

Whereas the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs have made significant advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PTSD and the symptoms of PTSD, but many challenges remain; and

Whereas the establishment of a National Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Awareness Day will raise public awareness about issues related to PTSD and help ensure that those suffering from the invisible wounds of war receive proper treatment: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate--

(1) designates June 27, 2011, as `National Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Awareness Day';

(2) supports the efforts of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and the Secretary of Defense to educate servicemembers, veterans, the families of servicemembers and veterans, and the public about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder; and

(3) respectfully requests that the Secretary of the Senate transmit a copy of this resolution to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and the Secretary of Defense.

National Cytomegalovirus Awareness Month

112th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. RES. 215

Designating the month of June 2011 as `National Cytomegalovirus Awareness Month'.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

June 23, 2011

Ms. MIKULSKI (for herself and Ms. MURKOWSKI) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to

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RESOLUTION

Designating the month of June 2011 as `National Cytomegalovirus Awareness Month'.

Whereas congenital Cytomegalovirus (referred to in this preamble as `CMV') is the most common congenital infection in the United States with 1 in 150 children born with congenital CMV;

Whereas congenital CMV is the most common cause of birth defects and childhood disabilities in the United States;

Whereas congenital CMV is preventable with behavioral interventions such as practicing frequent hand washing with soap and water after contact with diapers or oral secretions, not kissing young children on the mouth, and not sharing food, towels, or utensils with young children;

Whereas CMV is found in bodily fluids, including urine, saliva, blood, mucus, and tears;

Whereas congenital CMV can be diagnosed if the virus is found in urine, saliva, blood, or other body tissues of an infant during the first week after birth;

Whereas CMV infection is more common than the combined metabolic or endocrine disorders currently in the United States core newborn screening panel;

Whereas most people are not aware of their CMV infection status, with pregnant women being 1 of the highest risk groups;

Whereas the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that OB/GYNs counsel women on basic prevention measures to guard against CMV infection;

Whereas in 1999, the Institute of Medicine stated that development of a CMV vaccine was the highest priority for new vaccines;

Whereas the incidence of children born with congenital CMV can be greatly reduced with public education and awareness; and

Whereas a comprehensive understanding of CMV provides opportunities to improve the health and well-being of our children: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate--

(1) designates the month of June 2011 as `National Cytomegalovirus Awareness Month' in order to raise awareness of the dangers of Cytomegalovirus (`CMV') and reduce the occurrence of congenital CMV infection; and

(2) recommends that more effort be taken to counsel women of childbearing age of the effect this virus can have on their children.

American Eagle Day

112th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. RES. 206

Designating June 20, 2011, as `American Eagle Day', and celebrating the recovery and restoration of the bald eagle, the national symbol of the United States.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

June 8, 2011

Mr. ALEXANDER (for himself, Mr. INOUYE, Mr. HOEVEN, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. ROBERTS, Ms. LANDRIEU, Mr. BROWN of Massachusetts, Mrs. BOXER, and Mr. CORKER) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to

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RESOLUTION

Designating June 20, 2011, as `American Eagle Day', and celebrating the recovery and restoration of the bald eagle, the national symbol of the United States.

Whereas on June 20, 1782, the bald eagle was officially designated as the national emblem of the United States by the founding fathers at the Second Continental Congress;

Whereas the bald eagle is the central image of the Great Seal of the United States;

Whereas the image of the bald eagle is displayed in the official seal of many branches and departments of the Federal Government, including--

(1) the Office of the President;

(2) the Office of the Vice President;

(3) Congress;

(4) the Supreme Court;

(5) the Department of the Treasury;

(6) the Department of Defense;

(7) the Department of Justice;

(8) the Department of State;

(9) the Department of Commerce;

(10) the Department of Homeland Security;

(11) the Department of Veterans Affairs;

(12) the Department of Labor;

(13) the Department of Health and Human Services;

(14) the Department of Energy;

(15) the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

(16) the Central Intelligence Agency; and

(17) the Postal Service;

Whereas the bald eagle is an inspiring symbol of--

(1) the spirit of freedom; and

(2) the democracy of the United States;

Whereas, since the founding of the Nation, the image, meaning, and symbolism of the bald eagle have played a significant role in the art, music, history, commerce, literature, architecture, and culture of the United States;

Whereas the bald eagle is prominently featured on the stamps, currency, and coinage of the United States;

Whereas the habitat of bald eagles exists only in North America;

Whereas, by 1963, the population of bald eagles that nested in the lower 48 States had declined to approximately 417 nesting pairs;

Whereas, due to the dramatic decline in the population of bald eagles in the lower 48 States, the Secretary of the Interior listed the bald eagle as an endangered species on the list of endangered species published under section 4(c)(1) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533(c)(1));

Whereas caring and concerned individuals from the Federal, State, and private sectors banded together to save, and help ensure the recovery and protection of, bald eagles;

Whereas, on July 20, 1969, the first manned lunar landing occurred in the Apollo 11 Lunar Excursion Module, which was named `Eagle';

Whereas the `Eagle' played an integral role in achieving the goal of the United States of landing a man on the Moon and returning that man safely to Earth;

Whereas, in 1995, as a result of the efforts of those caring and concerned individuals, the Secretary of the Interior listed the bald eagle as a threatened species on the list of threatened species published under section 4(c)(1) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533(c)(1));

Whereas, by 2007, the population of bald eagles that nested in the lower 48 States had increased to approximately 10,000 nesting pairs, an increase of approximately 2,500 percent from the preceding 40 years;

Whereas, in 2007, the population of bald eagles that nested in the State of Alaska was approximately 50,000 to 70,000;

Whereas, on June 28, 2007, the Secretary of the Interior removed the bald eagle from the list of threatened species published under section 4(c)(1) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533(c)(1));

Whereas bald eagles remain protected in accordance with--

(1) the Act of June 8, 1940 (16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.) (commonly known as the `Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940'); and

(2) the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.);

Whereas, on January 15, 2008, the Secretary of the Treasury issued 3 limited edition bald eagle commemorative coins under the American Bald Eagle Recovery and National Emblem Commemorative Coin Act (Public Law 108-486; 118 Stat. 3934);

Whereas the sale of the limited edition bald eagle commemorative coins issued by the Secretary of the Treasury has raised approximately $7,800,000 for the nonprofit American Eagle Foundation of Pigeon Forge, Tennessee to support efforts to protect the bald eagle;

Whereas, if not for the vigilant conservation efforts of concerned Americans and the enactment of strict environmental protection laws (including regulations) the bald eagle would probably be extinct;

Whereas the American Eagle Foundation has brought substantial public attention to the cause of the protection and care of the bald eagle nationally;

Whereas November 4, 2010, marked the 25th anniversary of the American Eagle Foundation;

Whereas the dramatic recovery of the population of bald eagles--

(1) is an endangered species success story; and

(2) an inspirational example for other wildlife and natural resource conservation efforts around the world;

Whereas the initial recovery of the population of bald eagles was accomplished by the concerted efforts of numerous government agencies, corporations, organizations, and individuals; and

Whereas the continuation of recovery, management, and public awareness programs for bald eagles will be necessary to ensure--

(1) the continued progress of the recovery of bald eagles; and

(2) that the population and habitat of bald eagles will remain healthy and secure for future generations: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate--

(1) designates June 20, 2011, as `American Eagle Day';

(2) applauds the issuance of bald eagle commemorative coins by the Secretary of the Treasury as a means by which to generate critical funds for the protection of bald eagles; and

(3) encourages--

(A) educational entities, organizations, businesses, conservation groups, and government agencies with a shared interest in conserving endangered species to collaborate and develop educational tools for use in the public schools of the United States; and

(B) the people of the United States to observe American Eagle Day with appropriate ceremonies and other activities.

Juneteenth 2011

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Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I rise today in celebration of the 146th anniversary of Juneteenth, the oldest continually celebrated commemoration of the end of slavery in the United States. This significant historical event is appropriately observed as an important part of American history. Though the Emancipation Proclamation officially took effect on January 1, 1863, many slaves did not find freedom until Union troops were able to reach the Southern States to enforce the order. Lincoln's order initially directed the Confederate States to end slavery, but allowed the States that remained in the Union during the Civil War to maintain the peculiar institution of slavery. It wasn't until December of 1865 that the 13th amendment marked the complete abolition of slavery in this country. Juneteenth was an important first step toward inclusion in the greater American dream.

It is a time of reflection, healing and an opportunity for our country to have meaningful discussions about our legacy of slavery and inequality and our ambitions for a more perfect Union.

With the breadth of technology we have today, it is difficult for many to conceive of a time where news traveled over days, months and even years depending on where the communication began and ended. The real-time dissemination of information via mobile phones, BlackBerries and Skype video chat makes it easy to forget a time when things moved at a much slower pace. In the 1860s horses were widely used for carrying mail, although parts of the country were building out railroads--with locomotives powered by steam traveling approximately 15 miles per hour.

On June 19, 1865, Union troops arrived in Galveston, TX, to deliver freedom to slaves still held in bondage. Because of the amorphous period between the Emancipation Proclamation and the official implementation of freedom for America's slaves, Juneteenth is celebrated not only on June 19, but the entire month of June, to represent the slow spread of freedom during the war. The culminating reading of General Order No. 3 on June 19 sparked spontaneous and jubilant celebration, and the spirit of that celebration has thrived in every African-American community from that day forward.

[Page: S3886]  GPO's PDF

While Juneteenth represents an import phase in our history, it does not represent the end of discrimination and prejudice. African Americans would continue to struggle to establish equality as citizens, in education, professional careers and socioeconomic status because of Jim Crow laws and other forms of insidious discrimination.

In marking this occasion, it is appropriate to reflect on what was responsible for its creation. Millions of Africans, kidnapped by traders or sold into bondage by warring African kings, were ripped from their ancestral homes and carried across the Atlantic Ocean under hellish conditions known as the Middle Passage. While estimates vary, it is likely that as many as 2.5 million Africans died before ever reaching the shores of the ``New World.''

No comfort found them upon their arrival, as they were treated as chattel and sold to merchants and farmers. Their daily lives included intense, back-breaking physical labor for long hours in poor conditions, with no hope of attaining freedom or economic advancement. Maryland was complicit in this bondage, and at one point in the late 16th century, slaves made up approximately a third of the State's population.

Maryland, however, helped to lead the abolitionist movement as well. The underground railroad, vital to the freedom of many slaves, ran through Maryland's Eastern Shore and Chesapeake Bay. Its operation relied on the kindness and secrecy of a vast network of often anonymous citizens, many who lived in Maryland, all equally dedicated to ferrying fleeing slaves to freedom in New York, Massachusetts, and Canada.

Indeed, determined slaves from Maryland would leave an indelible mark on our national landscape. Harriet Tubman, a slave from Dorchester County, MD, went on to guide her family as well as 300 other slaves over 19 trips into the South out of slavery and into the North. During her clandestine daring, she never lost a single ``passenger.''

Frederick Douglass, born in Talbot County, escaped northwards at age 20 and began a long life of fiercely advocating for racial equality not only in the United States but abroad as well. He established the hallmark arguments that abolitionists would echo for years to come, until Emancipation was finally proclaimed.

Emancipation was not the end of the struggle. Explicit laws and implicit associations would continue to create and sustain dire inequalities in the African-American community. Maryland passed 15 Jim Crow laws between 1870 and 1957, laws that would meaningfully segregate almost every area of public life, and would contribute to the man who would later argue the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case, Thurgood Marshall, being denied admission to the University of Maryland Law School. Marshall would go on to become the first Black Supreme Court Justice, and would help to safeguard the rights and freedoms of all Americans, regardless of race.

This Juneteenth, we must recommit ourselves to fighting racial disparity and prejudice. As we look back at the legacy of Juneteenth, and how the slow spread of the news of freedom brought forward a new era in our country's history, we must recommit ourselves to the hard work of ensuring that equal representation, equal opportunity, and equal justice are spread everywhere as well. Though the progress and spread may be slow, it will reach every American if we continue to vigilantly demand equality to access to health care, equal treatment by financial institutions, equal educational opportunities, and adherence to the words of our forefathers that ``all men are created equal.''

We must continue to eliminate inequality so we can truly honor the spirit of Juneteenth.

(Senate - June 16, 2011)

Father's Day - Recognizing the Immeasurable Contributions of Fathers

112th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. RES. 315

Recognizing the immeasurable contributions of fathers in the healthy development of children, supporting responsible fatherhood, and encouraging greater involvement of fathers in the lives of their children, especially on Father's Day.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

June 16, 2011

Mr. PITTS (for himself, Mr. MCINTYRE, Mrs. SCHMIDT, Mr. WILSON of South Carolina, Mr. BERG, Mr. PEARCE, Mr. STUTZMAN, Mr. HUELSKAMP, Mr. FLEISCHMANN, Mr. LAMBORN, Mr. WEBSTER, Mr. BISHOP of Utah, Mr. FLEMING, Mr. BUCSHON, Mr. GINGREY of Georgia, Mr. ROONEY, Mr. HARRIS, Mr. SOUTHERLAND, Mr. JOHNSON of Ohio, Mr. PENCE, Mr. SCALISE, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. FLORES, Mr. JORDAN, Mr. JONES, Mr. HOLDEN, Mr. GARRETT, Mr. FRANKS of Arizona, Mr. POE of Texas, Ms. RICHARDSON, Mrs. CAPITO, Mr. NEUGEBAUER, Mr. FORTENBERRY, Mr. GOHMERT, Mr. WOLF, and Mr. CALVERT) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Education and the Workforce

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RESOLUTION

Recognizing the immeasurable contributions of fathers in the healthy development of children, supporting responsible fatherhood, and encouraging greater involvement of fathers in the lives of their children, especially on Father's Day.

Whereas fathers factor significantly in the lives of children;

Whereas fathers play an important role in teaching their children life lessons and preparing them to succeed in school and in life;

Whereas children with involved fathers are more likely to do well in school, have a better sense of well-being, and have fewer behavioral problems;

Whereas supportive fathers promote the positive physical, social, emotional, moral, and mental development of children;

Whereas promoting responsible fatherhood can help increase the chances that children will grow up with two caring parents;

Whereas, when fathers are actively involved in the upbringing of children, the children demonstrate greater self-control and a greater ability to take initiative;

Whereas responsible fatherhood can help reduce child poverty;

Whereas responsible fatherhood strengthens families and communities; and

Whereas Father's Day is the third Sunday in June: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the House of Representatives--

(1) commends the millions of fathers who serve as a wonderful, caring parent for their children;

(2) calls on fathers across the United States to use Father's Day to reconnect and rededicate themselves to their children's lives, to spend Father's Day with their children, and to express their love and support for their children;

(3) urges men to understand the level of responsibility fathering a child requires, especially in the encouragement of the mental, moral, social, academic, emotional, physical, and spiritual development of children; and

(4) encourages active involvement of fathers in the rearing and development of their children, including the devotion of time, energy, and resources.

Polycystic Kidney Disease Awareness Week

112th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. RES. 205

Designating the period beginning on June 19, 2011, and ending on June 25, 2011, as `Polycystic Kidney Disease Awareness Week', and raising awareness and understanding of polycystic kidney disease and the impact such disease has on patients.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

June 8, 2011

Mr. KOHL (for himself and Mr. HATCH) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to

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RESOLUTION

Designating the period beginning on June 19, 2011, and ending on June 25, 2011, as `Polycystic Kidney Disease Awareness Week', and raising awareness and understanding of polycystic kidney disease and the impact such disease has on patients.

Whereas polycystic kidney disease, known as `PKD', is one of the world's most prevalent life-threatening genetic diseases, affecting an estimated 600,000 people in the United States, including newborns, children, and adults regardless of sex, age, race, geography, income or ethnicity;

Whereas there are 2 forms of polycystic kidney disease, autosomal dominant (ADPKD), affecting 1 in 500 people worldwide, and autosomal recessive (ARPKD), a rare form, affecting 1 in 20,000 live births and frequently leading to early death;

Whereas polycystic kidney disease causes multiple cysts to form on both kidneys (ranging in size from a pinhead to a grapefruit), leading to an increase in kidney size and weight;

Whereas polycystic kidney disease is a systemic disease that causes damage to the kidneys and the cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, and gastrointestinal systems;

Whereas patients with polycystic kidney disease often experience no symptoms early in the disease, and many patients do not realize they have polycystic kidney disease until other organs are affected;

Whereas symptoms of polycystic kidney disease may include high blood pressure, chronic pain in the back, sides or abdomen, blood in the urine, urinary tract infection, heart disease, and kidney stones;

Whereas polycystic kidney disease is the number one genetic cause of kidney failure in the United States;

Whereas more than half of polycystic kidney disease patients will reach kidney failure and require dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive, thus placing an extra strain on dialysis and kidney transplantation resources;

Whereas there is no treatment or cure for polycystic kidney disease; and

Whereas there are thousands of volunteers nationwide dedicated to expanding essential research, fostering public awareness and understanding, educating patients and their families about polycystic kidney disease to improve treatment and care, providing appropriate moral support, and encouraging people to become organ donors: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate--

(1) designates the period beginning on June 19, 2011, and ending on June 25, 2011, as `Polycystic Kidney Disease Awareness Week';

(2) supports the goals and ideals of Polycystic Kidney Disease Awareness Week, to raise public awareness and understanding of polycystic kidney disease;

(3) recognizes the need for additional research to find treatments and a cure for polycystic kidney disease; and

(4) encourages the people of the United States and interested groups to support Polycystic Kidney Disease Awareness Week through appropriate ceremonies and activities, to promote public awareness of polycystic kidney disease, and to foster understanding of the impact of such disease on patients and their families.

Greater Washington Soap Box Derby

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Mr. DENHAM. Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure be discharged from further consideration of House Concurrent Resolution 16 and ask for its immediate consideration in the House.

The Clerk read the title of the concurrent resolution.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from California?

There was no objection.

The text of the concurrent resolution is as follows:

H. Con. Res. 16

Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring),

SECTION 1. USE OF CAPITOL GROUNDS FOR SOAP BOX DERBY RACES.

(a) In General.--The Greater Washington Soap Box Derby Association (in this resolution referred to as the ``sponsor'') shall be permitted to sponsor a public event, soap box derby races (in this resolution referred to as the ``event''), on the Capitol Grounds.

(b) Date of Event.--The event shall be held on June 18, 2011, or on such other date

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as the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate jointly designate.

SEC. 2. TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

(a) In General.--Under conditions to be prescribed by the Architect of the Capitol and the Capitol Police Board, the event shall be--

(1) free of admission charge and open to the public; and

(2) arranged not to interfere with the needs of Congress.

(b) Expenses and Liabilities.--The sponsor shall assume full responsibility for all expenses and liabilities incident to all activities associated with the event.

SEC. 3. EVENT PREPARATIONS.

Subject to the approval of the Architect of the Capitol, the sponsor is authorized to erect upon the Capitol Grounds such stage, sound amplification devices, and other related structures and equipment as may be required for the event.

SEC. 4. ADDITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS.

The Architect of the Capitol and the Capitol Police Board are authorized to make such additional arrangements as may be required to carry out the event.

SEC. 5. ENFORCEMENT OF RESTRICTIONS.

The Capitol Police Board shall provide for enforcement of the restrictions contained in section 5104(c) of title 40, United States Code, concerning sales, advertisements, displays, and solicitations on the Capitol Grounds, as well as other restrictions applicable to the Capitol Grounds, with respect to the event.

The concurrent resolution was agreed to.

A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.

(House of Representatives - May 11, 2011)

33,640 Days: Honorable Graham P. Purcell, Jr.

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The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Thornberry) for 5 minutes.

Mr. THORNBERRY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to inform the House that one of our former colleagues, the Honorable Graham P. Purcell, Jr., has passed away at the age of 92.

Graham Purcell was a larger-than-life figure who led a remarkable life of service. Whether it was as a soldier in World War II, a State judge, or a U.S. Congressman, he served with a strength of character and with a love of country that has provided an example and an inspiration for many people, including me. A man of deep faith, Graham possessed a generosity of spirit that extended to all aspects of his life. He was a member of the Greatest Generation that saved the world from totalitarianism and then came home to build the most prosperous nation the world has ever known. But Graham Purcell was also an individual who would stand out in any generation, rising from humble roots to help make history.

He was born in Archer County, Texas, on May 5, 1919. After high school, he enrolled in Texas A&M, but the war came, and shortly after Pearl Harbor he entered the Army, serving in Tunisia and in Italy, and earning, among other awards, the Silver Star. Even after he was discharged, he continued to serve in the Army Reserves for a number of years. When he returned from the war, he finished his degree at Texas A&M and then Baylor Law School. After practicing law for a few years, he was appointed judge for the 89th district court in Texas, and served from 1955 until 1962, when he resigned in order to run for Congress in a special election.

Serving in the House from January 1962 until January 1973, Congressman Purcell focused primarily on his work on the Agriculture Committee, serving as chairman of the Livestock Subcommittee. He also played a key role in the Congressional Prayer Breakfast, and served the people of North Texas with integrity and distinction for 11 years. After Congress, Graham practiced law and helped found a large law firm and then served as a visiting district judge in Texas. But in whatever capacity--soldier, judge, Congressman, citizen--Graham was committed to serving others. He and his wife, Nancy, just recently received an award for helping children in crisis in the Wichita Falls community.

Graham Purcell led a rich, full, remarkable life. How many others can say that they shook hands with Winston Churchill while serving as a soldier in Italy; had Vice President Johnson come pick him and his family up at the airport just after he was elected in a special election to take them to the Johnson home so they could stay for a while until they had a chance to find a place of their own; or, on the last night of President Kennedy's life spent more than an hour with him on the plane from Houston to Forth Worth, swapping stories back and forth, and then was in the motorcade the next day when President Kennedy was assassinated; or, made numerous trips back and forth to Vietnam to thank our soldiers for what they were doing there, always stopping at a burn unit along the way to make sure that those severely wounded would know that their country appreciated what they were doing; or, at age 92, just a few weeks ago, offer important guidance and advice to one of his successors about the importance of putting the country first ahead of party, ahead of personal considerations.

Although Graham loved history--and he certainly loved to regale family and friends with some of his amazing stories--he was also a person who was always looking forward. He was consumed by what kind of country would be left to his children and his grandchildren. And it was this focus on the common good that dominated his life story and really defined him as a man and as a public servant. He and his wife, Nancy, have 8 surviving children as well as 25 grandchildren and 5 great grandchildren, all of whom benefited from his loving care and will miss him greatly.

Although Graham had many titles and roles in his life, he knew that first and foremost he was a child of God. It was from this perspective that he lived--and it is in this assurance that he now rests.

(House of Representatives - June 15, 2011)

National Men's Health Week

112th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. RES. 207

Supporting National Men's Health Week.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

June 13, 2011

Mr. CRAPO submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to

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RESOLUTION

Supporting National Men's Health Week.

Whereas despite advances in medical technology and research, men continue to live an average of more than 5 years less than women, and African-American men have the lowest life expectancy;

Whereas 9 of the 10 leading causes of death, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, affect men at a higher percentage than women;

Whereas between ages 45 and 54, men are over 1 1/2 times more likely than women to die of heart attacks;

Whereas men die of heart disease at 1 1/2 times the rate of women;

Whereas men die of cancer at almost 1 1/2 times the rate of women;

Whereas testicular cancer is 1 of the most common cancers in men aged 15 to 34, and, when detected early, has a 96 percent survival rate;

Whereas the number of cases of colon cancer among men will reach almost 49,470 in 2010, and nearly half of those men will die from the disease;

Whereas the likelihood that a man will develop prostate cancer is 1 in 6;

Whereas the number of men who developed prostate cancer in 2010 is expected to reach more than 217,730, and an estimated 32,050 of those men will die from the disease;

Whereas African-American men in the United States have the highest incidence in the world of prostate cancer;

Whereas significant numbers of health problems that affect men, such as prostate cancer, testicular cancer, colon cancer, and infertility, could be detected and treated if awareness among men of those problems was more pervasive;

Whereas more than 1/2 of the elderly widows now living in poverty were not poor before the death of their husbands, and by age 100, women outnumber men by a ratio of 4 to 1;

Whereas educating both the public and health care providers about the importance of early detection of male health problems will result in reducing rates of mortality for those diseases;

Whereas appropriate use of tests such as prostate specific antigen exams, blood pressure screens, and cholesterol screens, in conjunction with clinical examination and self-testing for problems such as testicular cancer, can result in the detection of many of those problems in their early stages and increase the survival rates to nearly 100 percent;

Whereas women are 2 times more likely than men to visit their doctor for annual examinations and preventive services;

Whereas men are less likely than women to visit their health center or physician for regular screening examinations of male-related problems for a variety of reasons;

Whereas Congress established National Men's Health Week in 1994 and urged men and their families to engage in appropriate health behaviors, and the resulting increased awareness has improved health-related education and helped prevent illness;

Whereas the Governors of all 50 States issue proclamations annually declaring Men's Health Week in their respective States;

Whereas since 1994, National Men's Health Week has been celebrated each June by dozens of States, cities, localities, public health departments, health care entities, churches, and community organizations throughout the United States that promote health awareness events focused on men and family;

Whereas the National Men's Health Week Internet website has been established at www.menshealthweek.org and features Governors' proclamations and National Men's Health Week events;

Whereas men who are educated about the value that preventive health can play in prolonging their lifespans and their roles as productive family members will be more likely to participate in health screenings;

Whereas men and their families are encouraged to increase their awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, and medical checkups;

Whereas June 13 through 19, 2011, is National Men's Health Week; and

Whereas the purpose of National Men's Health Week is to heighten the awareness of preventable health problems and encourage early detection and treatment of disease among men and boys: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Senate--

(1) supports the annual National Men's Health Week; and

(2) calls upon the people of the United States and interested groups to observe National Men's Health Week with appropriate ceremonies and activities.